药物信息为ATNAA (ANTIDOTE TREATMENT - NERVE AGENT, AUTO-INJECTOR) ATROPINE INJECTION, 2.1 mg/0.7 mL PRALIDOXIME CHLORIDE INJECTION, 600 mg/2 mL (MERIDIAN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC): DESCRIPTION

The Antidote Treatment - Nerve Agent, Auto-Injector (ATNAA) provides Atropine Injection and Pralidoxime Chloride Injection in separate chambers as sterile, pyrogen-free solutions for intramuscular injection.

The ATNAA is a specially designed unit for automatic self-or buddy-administration by military personnel. When activated, the ATNAA sequentially administers atropine and pralidoxime chloride through a single needle. The recommended procedure (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION) is to inject the contents of the auto-injector into the muscles of an outer thigh or into the buttocks.

When activated, each ATNAA dispenses:

2.1 mg atropine in 0.7 mL of a sterile, pyrogen-free solution containing 12.47 mg glycerin and not more than 2.8 mg phenol, citrate buffer, and Water for Injection. The pH range is 4.0 - 5.0.

And

600 mg of pralidoxime chloride in 2 mL of a sterile, pyrogen-free solution containing 40 mg benzyl alcohol, 22.5 mg glycine, and Water for Injection. The pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid. The pH range is 2.0-3.0.

After a ATNAA has been activated, the empty container should be disposed of properly (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).It cannot be refilled, nor can the protruding needle be retracted.

Atropine, an anticholinergic agent (muscarinic antagonist), occurs as white crystals, usually needle-like, or as a white, crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water, soluble in glycerin and ether, and freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform with a molecular weight of 289.38. Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and I- hyoscyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug. Chemically, atropine is designated as 1[[alpha]]H,5[[alpha]]H-Tropan-3[[alpha]]-ol ([[plusmn]])-tropate. Its empirical formula is C₁₇H₂₃NO₃ and its structural formula is:

Pralidoxime chloride, a cholinesterase reactivator, is an odorless, white to pale-yellow crystalline powder, freely soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 172.61. Chemically, pralidoxime chloride is designated as 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium chloride oxime. Its empirical formula is C₇H₉CIN₂O and its structural formula is:

The specific activity of the drug resides in the 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium ion and is independent of the particular salt employed. The chloride salt is preferred because of physiologic compatibility, excellent water solubility at all temperatures, and high potency per gram, due to its low molecular weight.